Mostrando postagens com marcador Brazil. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador Brazil. Mostrar todas as postagens

sábado, 12 de novembro de 2016

São Luís - Maranhão - Brazil (imagens de nossa cidade)

A ilha de São Luís é a capital do estado do Maranhão, localizada no Nordeste do Brasil. É a única capital de um Estado no Brasil fundada pelos franceses em 1612. Apesar disso, a cidade também foi influenciada pelos holandeses e portugueses. Hoje a cidade tem cerca de um milhão de habitantes. Em 1997 seu centro histórico foi premiado com o Patrimônio da Humanidade pela UNESCO.

The island of São Luís is the capital from the state of Maranhão, localized in the northeast of Brazil. It is the only capital of a state in Brazil founded by the French, in 1612. Despite this, the city was also influenced by the Dutch and the Portuguese. Nowadays the city has about one million inhabitants. In 1997 its historic center was awarded World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

L'île de São Luís est la capitale de l'état de Maranhão, localisé dans le nord-est du Brésil. Il est la seule capitale d'un État au Brésil fondé par les Français, en 1612. Malgré cela, la ville a été également influencée par les Néerlandais et les Portugais. Aujourd'hui la ville compte environ un million d'habitants. En 1997, son centre historique a été classé au patrimoine mondial par l'UNESCO.

La isla de São Luís es la capital del estado de Maranhão, localizada en el noreste de Brasil. Es la única capital de un estado en Brasil fundada por los franceses, en 1612. A pesar de esto, la ciudad también fue influenciada por los holandeses y los portugueses. Hoy en día la ciudad tiene alrededor de un millón de habitantes. En 1997 su centro histórico fue galardonado con el Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO.

L'isola di São Luís è la capitale dello Stato del Maranhão, localizzato nel nord-est del Brasile. E 'l'unica capitale di uno stato del Brasile, fondata dai francesi, nel 1612. Nonostante questo, la città è stata influenzata anche dalla olandese e il portoghese. Oggi la città conta circa un milione di abitanti. Nel 1997 il suo centro storico è stato assegnato Patrimonio dell'Umanità dall'UNESCO.



Resultado de imagem para igreja nossa senhora dos remedios sao luis
Igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (construída em estilo gótico - 1719)


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Praça Gonçalves Dias

Resultado de imagem para são luis maranhão ponte do são francisco
Ponte do São Francisco (ligando a cidade velha e a cidade nova)


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Teatro Arthur Azevedo


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Teatro Arthur Azevedo

Resultado de imagem para igreja nossa senhora dos remedios sao luis
Jardim do Palácio dos Leões - Sede histórica do Governo do Estado


Resultado de imagem para palácio dos leões sao luis
Palácio dos Leões (Lions Palace)

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Praça Benedito Leite (Benedito Leite Square)

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Praça João Lisboa (João Lisboa Square)
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Museu Histórico e Artístico de São Luís (pátio interno)
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Praça Maria Aragão (Maria Aragão Square)

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Largo dos Amores

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Igreja do Carmo

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Rua Portugal (Portugal Street)
Resultado de imagem para rua portugal sao luis
Azulejos portugueses
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Laguna da Jansen e Praia da Ponta D'Areia (vista aérea parcial)
Resultado de imagem para rua da estrela sao luis
Centro Histórico - Rua Portugal
Resultado de imagem para são luis do maranhão praias
Largo da Praça Dom Pedro II
Resultado de imagem para rua do sol sao luis
Rua da Estrela (Estrela Street)
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Praia de São Marcos e Av. Litorânea (São Marcos Beach & Litorânea Avenue)

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Força das ondas no calçadão da Praia da Ponta D'Areia

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Praia de São Marcos (São Marcos beach)

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Prédio do Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão, situado na praça D. Pedro II


Resultado de imagem para são luis do maranhão praias
Praia do Calhau


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Rua de Nazaré (Nazaré Street)

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Rua 28 de Julho (28 de Julho Street)

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Rua da antiga Zona do Baixo Meretrício - Centro Histórico


Resultado de imagem para são luis do maranhão bairro do renascença ii
Bairro do Renascença (Renascença District)


Resultado de imagem para são luis do maranhão bairro do renascença ii
Avenida Colares Moreira (Colares Moreira Avenue)

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Ponte do São Francisco

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Avenida Marechal Castelo Branco, no bairro do São Francisco


Resultado de imagem para são luis do maranhão bairro cohama
Avenida Daniel de La Touche (bairro da Cohama)

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Bar do Leo (localizado dentro da Feira do Bairro do Vinhais)


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Praça Nauro Machado (Nauro Machado Square)


Resultado de imagem para são luis do maranhão rua grande
Rua Grande (Big Street)


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Prédio histórico na esquina da Rua do Passeio com a Rua da Paz


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Igreja do Carmo

Resultado de imagem para são luis rio bacanga
Rio Bacanga (Bacanga River)

domingo, 28 de outubro de 2012

BRAZIL'S NORTH-EAST: THE PERNAMBUCO MODEL


Eduardo Campos is both modern manager and old-fashioned political boss. His success in developing his state may make him his country’s next president













IN THE 1980s an American anthropologist, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, carried out fieldwork in Timbaúba, a town in the sugar belt of Pernambuco state, in Brazil’s north-east. She described a place seemingly resigned to absolute poverty. The back-breaking task of cutting sugar cane by machete provided ill-paid work for only a few months of the year. The deaths of young children from disease and hunger were accepted “without weeping”.
Traces of that bitter world survive in Timbaúba. In Alto do Cruzeiro, a poor suburb on a hilltop overlooking the town, Severina da Silva, a maid who also runs a shop in her living room, says that some people still go hungry. She is 48 but looks 20 years older. A 31-year-old cane cutter nicknamed “Bill” has six children—a throwback to the days when people had big families instead of pensions. But Bill has a labour contract, with full rights; he gets a stipend and a small plot from the state government to see him through the idle months.
That is part of a broader social safety net provided by democracy in Brazil. It includes non-contributory pensions for rural workers. Some 6,000 of the town’s poorest residents take part in Bolsa Família, a cash-transfer scheme started by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president from 2003-10, who was born near Timbaúba. Thanks partly to this cash injection, the town now boasts car and motorbike dealers, new shops, a bank and restaurants.
That is a ripple from a broader flood of investment that has made Pernambuco one of Brazil’s fastest-growing states. Once Europe’s most lucrative Atlantic colony, it languished for centuries. While sugar estates on the plains of São Paulo mechanised with world-beating efficiency, those in Pernambuco’s rolling hills struggled.
Revival began with a new port at Suape, south of Recife. Its hinterland is now a sprawling industrial complex. Some 40,000 workers are building a vast oil refinery and petrochemical plants for Petrobras, the state-controlled oil company. A new shipyard and wind-power plants rise among the mangroves.
Suape is a monument to federal money, industrial policy and an alliance between Lula and Eduardo Campos, Pernambuco’s ambitious governor. But the state’s boom goes wider. Rising incomes have helped Mr Campos attract private investment. Fiat is to start work on a car plant beside the main road north of Recife. A host of smaller food, textile and shoe factories are now setting up in the state’s poor interior, including Timbaúba. While the rest of Brazil worries about deindustrialisation, Pernambuco does not: since Mr Campos became governor in 2007, industry’s share of the state’s economy has risen from 20% to 25%, and will reach 30% by 2015, he says.
This boom has brought nearly full employment—and created an acute skills shortage. The refinery is years behind schedule, as is the shipyard’s order book, partly because illiterate former cane-cutters make poor welders.
To try to remedy that, Mr Campos has teamed up with the Institute for Co-Responsibility in Education (ICE), a private educational foundation, to reform the state’s middle schools. More than 200 of these now operate an eight-hour day, rather than the four-hour shifts common in Brazil. In return, the government has raised teachers’ salaries and added bonuses tied to results. It is also trying to chivvy mayors into improving primary schools through extra funds and other incentives. That is vital: on average, pupils arrive in middle schools aged 15 with a three-year learning deficit, says Marcos Magalhães, ICE’s founder. Pernambuco is rising up the rankings of state educational performance.
Mr Campos’s critics say he should do more to tackle poverty. Alongside the opulent residential blocks towering over its palm-fringed beaches, Recife has 600 favelas (slums), and its lagoons are fetid with untreated sewage. He replies that his government is doing what it can to help the generation scarred by the poverty of cane-cutting, particularly in the drought-stricken semi-desert region farther inland. But his bold bet is that infrastructure, private investment and better education will eliminate the causes of his state’s misery. “We are turning off the flow of poverty while looking after the stock,” he says, using his trademark management-speak.
So far that bet has paid off. Mr Campos won a second term in 2010, and his Brazilian Socialist Party did well in this month’s municipal elections, in Pernambuco and beyond. He is nominally an ally of Dilma Rousseff, Lula’s successor as president. But he is also a potential threat to her winning a second term at the 2014 election.
Mr Campos was born into politics. Miguel Arraes, his grandfather, was an old-fashioned socialist and Pernambuco’s governor both before and after Brazil’s 1964- 85 military dictatorship. Mr Campos says Arraes taught him that politics is about “bringing people together, rather than dividing them.” Some in Recife complain that he has learned that lesson too well and become a modern version of a traditional north-eastern coronel (political boss), shrinking from challenging the old rural order, trading support for jobs and favours and freezing out dissenters.
But his defenders say he gets things done. He was lucky that his less-heralded predecessor laid the foundations of Pernambuco’s renaissance. He has built on them by modernising the state. He faced down the trade unions over school reform and brought private managers to state hospitals. He has set hundreds of targets for his administration, and harries his aides to achieve them. One that he recognises he must meet—or pay a political price—is to finish a new football stadium in Recife in time for next year’s warm-up tournament for the 2014 World Cup. As both the main parties that have run Brazil since 1995 lack new faces, Mr Campos’s success in Pernambuco has turned him into the country’s most-watched politician.
Fonte: The Economist

Education spending in Brazil


Coming soon: the world’s priciest classrooms


Brazil’s lower house of Congress approved a National Education Plan for the next decade. It sets a target for public education spending at 10% of GDP by 2020, which would be the highest share in the world. According to the OECD’s latest issue of Education at a Glance, Denmark currently ranks first at 8.7%, with only a handful of other northern European countries above 7%. Brazil’s president, Dilma Rousseff, had tried to get allies in Congress to keep the target to a still-extravagant 8%, but failed. The Senate is now considering the plan, and is considered unlikely to change the figure. After that Ms Rousseff will have to choose between accepting the budget-busting target, or inviting opprobrium by vetoing it.
Brazil certainly is backwards in education. Though it does better than ten years ago in the OECD’s PISA studies, which test 15-year-olds’ literacy, numeracy and scientific knowledge and skills, it is still very near the bottom of the pack. But its problems do not stem from lack of money. Public spending on education is not particularly low, at 5.7% of GDP, and more generally its government consumes 36% of GDP, wildly out of line with other middle-income countries. Brazilians will often tell you they pay taxes like Europeans, and get African public services in return.
I asked Barbara Bruns of the World Bank, who recently wrote a book about education in Brazil, what she thought would be the result of almost doubling education spending. Here’s what she said:
A strong social consensus in favor of improving education is never a bad thing, so this legislation has a positive side. But there is no shortage of global evidence showing that spending more on education guarantees nothing. Focusing on results per unit of spending—which currently vary a lot across different states and municipalities—is a much smarter first step. Exploiting the decline in the school age population—which offers the potential for major increases in teacher salaries over the next few years—is a smarter second step.
When those gains are in the bag, increasing the share of GDP spent on education could be the icing on the cake. But doing those things in reverse order only guarantees higher costs and ultimately—since no country can afford to spend infinitely on education—less progress towards world class education.
Ms Bruns has a much better idea for improving schooling in Brazil: spending smarter, not more.
Brazil has one of the world's best systems for monitoring education results, and so it's ahead of a lot of other countries in being able to track how it is doing. It also has a lot of very dynamic state and municipal education systems. The share of GDP Brazil currently spends on public education is already relatively high, compared with OECD and other developing countries. Spreading the lessons of where that spending today is producing results will be the most powerful driver for future improvement.
 Fonte: The economist

terça-feira, 10 de abril de 2012

Grocers' green


China overtakes America to become the world's largest grocery market
"HAVE you eaten yet?" is one of the most common greetings used in China, indicating the importance of food in the country’s culture. Last year the Chinese spent a whopping 14% of GDP on groceries, so it is no big surprise that rapidly growing China became the world’s biggest grocery market, overtaking America in yet another category,according to IGD, a food and grocery research firm. The French live up to their gastronomic reputation as one of the highest spenders on food, forking out nearly $5,000 a year per person (not including eating out), which as a share of income (11% of GDP) is the highest for any developed country in our chart. Indians are the lowest spenders on this list, handing over less than $1 a day each on groceries. By 2015, IGD forecasts the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will have pushed Japan out of the top five slots, leaving America as the only remaining rich country in the top five.

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